What are the risks associated with FDM and metal 3D printing?

In the United States, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has just published several guidelines concerning FDM and metal additive manufacturing, the objective being to protect users who handle these technologies. For example, it lists all the potential hazards associated with both processes, such as the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) or the handling of high-temperature surfaces. The recommendations also list the possible protective equipment to be worn during preparation and completion – masks, gloves, gowns, etc. Essentially, these are practical tips to be put in place to reduce the dangers associated with additive manufacturing.

NIOSH is an American organization whose objective is to publish various advice and recommendations to avoid any occupational accidents and diseases. Since additive manufacturing is used in companies and factories, small or large, employees and users of the technology must protect themselves, regardless of the machine used. The INRS had already published a report on the dangers of using metal powders in 3D printing. With these new guidelines, the American organization also focuses on the risks associated with FDM, in addition to metal powder bed processes. It focuses on 5 points in particular: characterisation of potential hazards, handling around the machine, technical controls, administrative controls and finally personal protective equipment.

Handling 3D printing materials can sometimes be risky.

Tips and precautions for FDM 3D printing

As you already know, the extrusion process releases VOCs, some of which can be toxic to our health. Most machines today incorporate powerful filtration solutions, but NIOSH recommends that you keep the printer far from other work activities and reduce the amount of time spent near it. It encourages the use of PLA rather than ABS, but also encourages the use of composite materials.