All You Need to Know About HIPS for 3D Printing

HIPS (High Impact Polystyrene) is a thermoplastic polymer based on a mixture of polystyrene and polybutadiene rubber. Many popular materials in 3D printing are particularly characterized by their resistance to chemical solvents. However, in the case of HIPS, the solubility is a great advantage because the material is mainly used in filament form as a support material in FDM 3D printing. Backing materials, or support structures, are used to print parts that have an angle of more than 45 degrees to prevent them from slipping or breaking during the printing process. After the printing process is completed, these structures are removed, which is easier with materials such as HIPS, which have high solubility. This article reviews the properties of HIPS as a filament and the advantages it offers as a support structure.

Production and Characteristics

HIPS (High Impact Polystyrene) is a widely used material in 3D printing due to its versatility and unique characteristics. The material is derived from polystyrene, a synthetic polymer commonly found in various consumer products. HIPS is produced through extrusion, where the filament is melted and then extruded through a nozzle to create the desired shape layer by layer. It has similar properties to ABS, but is harder and more impact resistant. As already mentioned, the material is particularly characterized by its comparatively high solubility in relation to certain chemicals, which allows for relatively smooth separation when used as a support structure. HIPS can be dissolved in a specific solvent, such as limonene, without damaging the main printed object. This property makes it perfect for complex designs and intricate structures. It is typically used in the area of ABS printing as support structure, and the temporary stability of the HIPS form plays a central role here. It also has a smooth and scratch-resistant surface, it is heat resistant, and its white translucent color simplifies coloring.

HIPS is mainly used as a support structure (Image credits: Zortrax)

However, HIPS plastic, despite its advantages, also has some disadvantages that must be considered. One drawback is its vulnerability to degradation when exposed to various chemicals such as solvents, acids, and alkalis. This can result in brittleness, discoloration, or breakdown of the material over time. Additionally, HIPS has a low temperature resistance and can become brittle in cold environments, making it unsuitable for applications exposed to extreme temperatures. Another limitation is its limited resistance to UV light, causing yellowing and brittleness with prolonged exposure, which reduces its overall lifespan.