Joshua Bird’s “Core-RΘ” 4-Axis Polar 3D Printer Can Print Without Any Supports

In the world of FDM 3D printing, dominated by classic Cartesian systems, some innovations are overturning established codes. Such is the case with the 4-axis core-RΘ 3D printer designed by Joshua Bird. This audacious maker has pushed back the boundaries of traditional FDM design by developing a machine based on a polar kinematic system.

Unlike conventional FDM 3D printers, which operate on a Cartesian system with three axes (X, Y and Z), Joshua Bird’s core-RΘ printer turns to a polar system. In simple terms, the polar system distinguishes itself by using a rotating circular build plate combined with angular and radial movements, instead of linear displacements in horizontal planes. This choice makes it possible to create radial slices rather than flat layers.

The core-RΘ 3D printer uses a round build plate that rotates.

This approach offers a major advantage: better overhang management, since the printer is able to print with a 90° orientation to the build plate without any particular difficulty. In his video presentation, Joshua Bird illustrates this capability using the core-RΘ 3D printer with a tree-shaped part, where the horizontal and inclined branches are printed without supports, thanks to the print head mounted on a rotating axis that extrudes the material inwards, directly onto the existing sections.